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ingenuity represents the most remarkable

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things that humanity is capable of these

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achievements are not just the product of

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pure determination their combination of

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human perseverance ingenuity

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hi Vanessa my name is Mimi um I work at

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NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory JPL and

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my job there is a project manager for

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marcella copter Mars helicopter is a

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technology demonstration flight

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experiment that Mars 2020 perseverance

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rover is hosting and we're going for the

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attempt at flying the first ever flight

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on another planet so I've been really

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excited about this phone call to talk to

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you because I'm getting to share with

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you the news that your proposed name has

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been chosen as the name for Mars

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helicopter well that's amazing so on

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behalf of our entire Mars helicopter

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team I'd like to thank you for our name

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it's the perfect name for us we really

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we love the name so thank you

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thank you guys ingenuity is what allows

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people to accomplish amazing things and

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it allows us to expand our horizons to

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the edges of the universe

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[Music]

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hi I'm Eric Evan with a with the News

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team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory

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in California hitching a ride on the

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perseverance Rover launched into Mars

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this summer is the Mars helicopter which

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now has a name ingenuity and we want to

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give you a chance to learn more about

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this experiment as ingenuity will try to

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be the first powered flight on another

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planet and we are following social

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distancing rules that's why me me young

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the Mars helicopter project manager

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joins me from the Mars helicopter test

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lab at JPL she's the only person there

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the helicopter is in Florida awaiting

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launch and I have a couple questions to

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get us started and then will be asking

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me questions submitted with the ask NASA

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hashtag me thanks for answering our

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questions today you're welcome thanks

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for having me here of course so to get

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started how does a helicopter work on

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Mars I see you have a model behind you

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can you kind of explain it using that

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sure this is a full-scale model behind

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me the helicopter has a solar panel on

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top with the communication antenna right

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underneath this a rotor system it's a

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pair of counter-rotating blades that

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will spin up to about 2400 revolutions

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per minute very fast and underneath is

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the fuselage containing the battery and

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special electronic boards thermal

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components sensors tremors and at the

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very bottom is the landing gear the

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entire vehicle weights about 1.8

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kilograms

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just about four pounds Wow and can you

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talk about the teamwork and innovation

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that took place to get this project off

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the ground

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yes building for the first time a

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helicopter that can fly in the very thin

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atmosphere of Mars was considered to be

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almost impossible definitely really

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challenging so to have a helicopter that

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can fly in the thin atmosphere

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autonomously and survive autonomously on

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the surface of Mars and to be operable

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you know all the way back from Earth

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that took in

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Genuity hard work and really true

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teamwork teamwork from many disciplines

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we there is a significant team behind

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the making of the Mars helicopter

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I really wish everybody on our team is

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here today to share our stories with you

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but I'm really proud to be representing

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the team here from you know all the way

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from the mathematical equations that

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represent the helicopter to software

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electronics mechanical structures

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thermal power materials special fixtures

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special facilities that it takes to test

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it's a very long list of technical

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specialty that it took and to meet these

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challenges we work together really

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tightly both technically in each

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discipline and as the system together to

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make this work and we're really tight

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team we are really happy to be where we

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are today

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ready integrated onto perseverance Rover

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for launch to Mars for a bit very first

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test flight at Mars and you were just

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touching on this now the Mars helicopter

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is riding on the perseverance rover so

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how does the idea of perseverance work

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with the idea of ingenuity for your team

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a marcella copter call ingenuity on

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aerobic or perseverance

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how much more perfect can I get you know

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Mars helicopter is a first of a kind

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system that's going to attempt the very

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first flight of a helicopter on another

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planet right very much like a Wright

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brothers first test flight moment and it

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took ingenuity hard work and definitely

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perseverance to get to where we are

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today and here we are

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ingenuity helicopter integrated on

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perseverance Rover or launch to Mars for

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the very first flight tests on the

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surface of Mars and I heard that the

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team found out about the name this

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morning how did it all go oh it was

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incredible

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a big part of our team a subset of our

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team got together

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and we got to have the name shared very

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shortly you know before the announcement

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we had it shared by the student of

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venice' that wrote the essay that

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inspired the name and it was an

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incredible experience we it's an

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extraordinary moment for our team really

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it's been a very tough challenging

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journey our team has been just inspired

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by this opportunity this chance to build

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the first of a kind system that will

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introduce the aerial dimension to the

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way we do deep-space exploration today

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right ability to fly in the atmosphere

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of another planet or another planetary

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target and so we've been really driven

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by all of this over the past five or six

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years and this is definitely one of

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those extremely special moments where we

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have a name you know for this helicopter

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that we've been working so hard on I

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kept saying throughout the whole event

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the meeting though that I one thing i

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really wish was that i could have been

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in the room in person with everyone in

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the team you know but with the current

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situation it was done through remote

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meeting but i can't I really wish I

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really really wish that I could have

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been in the room with everybody else

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we're just such a tight team and I

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really wish we could have been all

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together nevertheless it was a great

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event

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very I'll never forget this day oh

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that's so great to hear now thanks for

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answering my questions I have some ask

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NASA questions to ask now the first one

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it's very similar Kwan AJ want to ask

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what Daniel is asking what are some of

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the difficulties when designing airborne

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machines for use in other atmospheres

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when compared to Earth's and is there a

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way the NASA team can simulate Mars like

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environments on earth for testing yes

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definitely flying a helicopter for Mars

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in this very thin atmosphere you know

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with a different mark number and

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Reynolds number combination just a

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different atmospheric composition and

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very different atmospheric density

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turns out to be quite different from

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designing a helicopter for us and so we

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really a team had to go back all the way

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to the fundamentals of modeling the lift

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and the drag of a blade really optimize

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it and then develop a helicopter around

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there it has to be very light you know

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as you know it has our helicopter weighs

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about 1.8 kilograms

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it has Systrom it has to spin extremely

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fast about 2400 RPM so the very first

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challenge was to meet that stringent

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mass constraint to fit all of the

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autonomous capability autonomous flight

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autonomous survival staying warm through

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the cold night being able to communicate

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being able to charge itself you know

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through the Sun and storing the energy

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and having enough energy to survive the

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cold ice and flying coming up with a

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design with those constraints that was

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the first challenge we overcame and then

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second is to build and test it in terms

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of the environment to test on earth we

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utilize a special facility called the

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space simulator facility a chamber is a

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special chamber at JPL I said 25 foot

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diameter chamber that can be pumped down

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to vacuum and what we did was we pumped

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that vacuum down to near vacuum bag

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filled with carbon dioxide to represent

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the Martian atmosphere and you know and

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and performed our test flights there one

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thing that we can't compensate on on

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earth it's the gravity the gravity on

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Mars is significantly less than on earth

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right like about 40% compared to Earth's

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so we did add a gravity offload just to

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offload the helicopter at a consistent

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you know difference to make up for the

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different gravity that's the question

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everyone wanted to know and now I have

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one from Brian and Malloy from Facebook

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who asks how long can ingenuity sustain

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flight does it solar charge or return to

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the rover to dock and recharge yes so

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ingenuity can fly up to about 90 seconds

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there

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how we've designed it for this first of

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a kind vehicle this is a small proof of

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concept vehicle so for this vehicle we

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have decided to fly up to 90 seconds we

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can in that distance we can do up to

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about 300 meters round-trip in bed and

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if the vehicle has a solar panel and it

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it will be recharged to this color panel

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and will be storing the energy in the

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batteries and supplying the energy so

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it's the ultimate ultimate green machine

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it's powered by solar energy we store

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the energy and we you know we kind of

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supply we apply the energy for flying

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and surviving at night so we will not be

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going back to the rover to recharge in

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fact once perseverance Rover delivers us

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to the surface and drives away we never

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will be returning to the rover instead

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we'll be communicating wirelessly the

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helicopter will communicate wirelessly

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to the base station that we have left on

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the rover and the base station will talk

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to the rover which will relay the

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messages back and forth to the

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helicopter and we have another question

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about survival and that bumble on

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Twitter actually asks what about the

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storms on Mars will the helicopter

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blades survive this yes

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so this helicopter is designed to be

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able to fight the winds up to nine ten

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meters per second during flight and

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those are lower speeds then those are

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let's see our vehicle is designed to

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fight the worst predicted wind level

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okay so definitely the way the

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controllability of the blades that the

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way we have structured the rotor system

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matches the worst predicted win and with

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margin on top of that okay so it will be

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flying during the well known conditions

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and then while is sitting on the surface

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with the lakes feet firmly planted on

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the ground it can take even much higher

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winds because the dynamic

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on in the atmosphere of Mars will

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actually be much less so you'll be able

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to take much higher level of winds so

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yes we very carefully designed the

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helicopter to take on the winds that we

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expect to encounter in that regard what

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steps will happen once it lands on Mars

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are there going to be certain milestones

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it has to hit yes

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so ingenuity is the very first flight

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test on Mars remember so very analogous

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to the think of the Wright brothers very

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first flight on earth except we're gonna

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do it at Mars so on earth we have tested

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the Marcela copter all that we can in

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the simulated environment that we just

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discussed and the next step it's now to

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perform this test test the helicopter in

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the environment that we've designed it

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for in space and at Mars so with that

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the high risk but very high reward

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flight experiment that we're going for

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at Mars and we have a checklist of

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milestones that we will be looking for

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checking off and learning every step of

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the way so the first step will start

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with surviving the launch in the trip to

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Mars and getting to the surface and

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getting deployed to the surface of Mars

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in confirming our first communication

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from the helicopter to the base station

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on the rover and then surviving the

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first coal night autonomously you know

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the temperatures are very cold minus

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ninety degrees Celsius in the nighttime

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at Mars surviving the helicopter

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standing on its own surviving their

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first night it's a major milestone a big

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checkmark will get confirming that we're

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charging through the solar panel and

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garnering the energy a big checkmark

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then the very first spin on Mars and

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then the very first lift and then the

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very first flight in the very first

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landing and then after that we'll be

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repeating the flights

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within the 30 Martian souls that we have

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available to us for our flight

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experiments so we are really looking

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forward to learning every step of the

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way going across our checklists in

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mentally and medically we're really

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looking forward to learning from every

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single step that's great and Allah star

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on Twitter has a question kind of

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looking into the future if this is a

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proven method of exploration could it be

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used more and in greater numbers oh

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absolutely

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this is the first of a kind proof of

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concept proof of concept technology

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demonstration flight to show that we can

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fly and operate a helicopter at Mars

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from Earth right and like you say it is

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just the Pathfinder and our team has

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been working really hard over the five

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years because of the motivation to

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introduce aerial to mention what's once

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we proven it our dream is the future

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larger more capable vehicles that are

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more autonomous much longer flight times

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carrying larger payloads you know we're

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imagining this is a 1.8 kilogram system

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we can imagine 10 kilogram plus systems

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carrying you know one to two kilograms

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of payload very specialized payload to

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service Scouts for you know Rovers

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getting high-definition images before

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the long traverses and reconnaissance

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for astronauts for exploration at Mars

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when humans start to explore in person

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over there at Mars right in addition

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Ariel to mesh areola vehicles will allow

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us to get to X areas that we simply

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cannot access today you know Rovers

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cannot get to sites are very steep

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cliffs that are areas of interest to us

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or very steep volcanoes that we cannot

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get into being able to fly about will

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you enable us to extend our exploration

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through the aerial dimension

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complementary to how we explore on the

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surface with Rovers and spacecraft in

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orbit today and you can imagine the

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audience can imagine the next generation

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you must imagine so our team is simply

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introducing the aerial dimension where

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we are really externally proud and

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really grateful for this opportunity to

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get a chance to show how we would fly

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but it's really up to future generations

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to take flight literally in the aerial

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dimension that's great thank you so much

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Mimi for answering our questions and

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thank you for all the as NASA questions

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thanks again thank you now perseverance

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with ingenuity on board is set to launch

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from Cape Canaveral Florida this summer

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and it will land on Mars February 18 20

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21 and in the learning space section of

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the JPL website we have some fun

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hands-on projects to share with you now

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if you have kids at home you can make

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your own paper helicopter and you know

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what it actually works check this out

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you can fly just like they can at home

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and you can explore the Red Planet like

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the Mars ingenuity helicopter will by

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learning to program a video game now all

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the projects are available at JPL NASA

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gov slash edu slash learning - space and

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you can follow the helicopters journey